The main defense of Republicans in the impeachment inquiry
into President Trump has been to attack what they call the secrecy of the
impeachment inquiry. Trump’s defenders point to closed-door hearings and the
fact that the House has not yet been allowed to vote on whether to conduct the
impeachment inquiry itself. There is some truth to the charges against the way
the Democrats are conducting the inquiry, but there are also examples of
Republican criticisms being off base.
The fact that Speaker Nancy Pelosi has not allowed a House
vote on whether to begin an impeachment inquiry has been a major complaint of
Republicans. On Sept. 24,
Pelosi
merely said, “I am announcing the House of Representatives moving forward
with an official impeachment inquiry” and the ball started rolling.
Republicans seem to be correct that no other impeachment
inquiry has ever been launched without a House vote, but the bottom line is
that neither the Constitution nor House rules require a vote to begin an
impeachment investigation. As Keith Whittington of
Lawfare
pointed out, the House leadership chose to use standing committees to
investigate Mr. Trump’s alleged abuses of power and were entirely within House
rules to do so.
Further, neither the Constitution nor House rules require an
impeachment inquiry at all. If the House wanted to bring up an impeachment vote
with no investigation at all, it could do so. Such a scenario might happen if a
president’s actions were either obvious to the most members of Congress or if
the president openly admitted to impeachable acts.
Republicans have also complained about how they are being
treated in committee. There have been claims that Republicans were shut out of
committee meetings and were not allowed to be present and ask questions at
depositions. Intelligence Committee Chairman Adam Schiff explained the need for
some secrecy to
Roll
Call, stressing that the current inquiry is different from the impeachment
investigations into Bill Clinton and Richard Nixon where special prosecutors
had already investigated the incidents that led to the impeachment.
“In each of those cases, there were either independent
counsels or special prosecutors doing the investigation, doing the initial
investigative work, and that was all done behind closed doors,” Schiff said.
Schiff
explained that if witnesses were aware of what other witnesses had said,
they could tailor their own testimony “either to hide the truth or color the
truth or know just how much they can give and how much they can conceal.” It is
a basic investigative technique to separate witnesses and to get their
individual testimony without having it tainted by hearing others.
“Now, I should tell you, notwithstanding those good and
sound reasons, at each of these committee interviews and depositions and when
we get to open hearings — and we will get to open hearings — the Republicans
are completely represented,” Schiff said.
Schiff said that all members of the Intelligence, Oversight
and Foreign Affairs committees and their staffs can attend depositions and ask
questions. Republicans are provided equal time for questioning with the sides
alternating every 45 minutes to an hour.
“They have been largely staff-conducted interviews. They
have been very professionally done, although members, too, get to ask questions
and we go until the questions are exhausted so they get to ask all the
questions they want,” Schiff said.
In one publicized case,
Rep.
Matt Gaetz was ejected from a meeting of the joint committee investigating
impeachment, but Gaetz was not a member of the committees holding the meeting.
Gaetz is a member of the Judiciary Committee but it is the Intelligence,
Foreign Affairs, and Oversight Committees that are conducting the impeachment
hearings. There is no evidence that Republicans who serve on those three
committees have been excluded. In fact,
Axios
pointed out that, when Republicans raided an impeachment hearing this week, 13
of the Republican protesters already had access to the hearing because they
were members of the committees holding the hearing.
Republicans such as Jim Jordan (R-Ohio) don’t buy Schiff’s
explanations. “We’re talking about impeaching the president of the United
States in secret, based on an anonymous whistleblower with no first-hand
knowledge, [who] has a bias against the president, has been reported that he
worked with Joe Biden, who when he hears about the call, the next day writes a
memo using all kinds of descriptors like crazy, scary, but then waits 18 days
before he files a complaint,”
Jordan
complained. “And who does he run up to see in that interim? Adam Schiff’s
staff. And now that guy says, ‘Now I’m going to be the special counsel and the
independent counsel.’ That is laughable.”
Jordan’s rant actually undercuts another Republican
complaint, namely that the whistleblower has not been called to testify. But
if, as Jordan concedes, the whistleblower had no direct knowledge of Trump’s
actions, he or she has little to add to the
testimony
of State Department officials who were in the loop and privy to Trump’s
decision-making.
The answer is similar for Republican complaints about being
denied access to transcripts of witness testimony. Republicans say that only
members of applicable committees have access to the transcripts and then
only
under the watchful eye of Democratic minders. Democrats answer that the
transcripts will be made public after the investigative phase is finished. Left
unsaid is that they will be released when the possibility of witness tampering
is reduced.
House Democratic Caucus Chairman
Hakeem
Jeffries also pointed to the 1998 House resolution authorizing subpoena
power for the Clinton impeachment investigation, noting that Democrats did not have
the power to independently subpoena their own witnesses as some Republicans
have claimed but had to get approval from either the chairman or the full
committee. Jeffries says that the current subpoena rules for the Intelligence
Committee are no different.
Many members of the Trump Administration have used their
complaints about the impeachment proceedings to justify failing to comply with
subpoenas from House committees. Unfortunately, this is a double-edged sword
since some Republicans, including
Lindsey
Graham (R-S.C.), are on record that refusing to comply with congressional
subpoenas is itself an impeachable offense.
A further claim by Republicans is that impeachment requires
a criminal act. While the Constitution specifies treason, bribery, and “high
crimes and misdemeanors” as grounds for impeachment, the
original
intent of the phrase included acts that were not explicit crimes. A list of
impeachments on the
House
website reveals that, of 19 impeachments from throughout US history, eight
were for noncriminal acts including three cases that specifically cited abuse
of power.
A charge by
Jack
Langer, a spokesman for Rep. Devin Nunes (R-Calif.) that, “There are no
established rules or parameters at all, the Democrats are just inventing them
as they go” seems to be untrue. Democrats argue that all of the normal
committee rules protecting minority rights are still in effect for
impeachment-related hearings.
In fact, it was only four years ago in 2015 when the chairman
of the House Oversight Committee, Trey Gowdy (R-S.C.), personally
dismissed
Rep Darrell Issa (R-Calif.) from a hearing during the Benghazi
investigation. The reason? Issa was not a member of the committee. The
Democrats are following the same rules.
Republicans do have a stronger case in their complaints
about not being able to call their own witnesses and present exculpatory
evidence, but the test as to whether those claims will stand up will only come
when the House moves beyond the investigative phase. Democrats say that there
will be open sessions and transcripts will be released after the facts have
been gathered. Current indications are the impeachment proceedings might move
into the
open
phase as early as mid-November.
“We do anticipate a time when we'll be releasing
transcripts, and we do anticipate there will be a time when we will hold back
some of these witnesses for open session, and we may call witnesses in open
session that we haven't called in closed session. But we will do so giving the
GOP members every opportunity to ask questions,”
Schiff
said. “We want to make sure that we get to the truth, and this is the
process, I think, early in an investigation that makes the most sense.”
Democrats seem to be following established congressional
guidelines for congressional hearings, even if the decision to use standing committees
rather than a select impeachment committee is not how impeachments have traditionally
been handled. Before an impeachment vote is taken, critics of the president
should make their case to the public. Supporters of the president do deserve a
chance to present their side of the story as well. Indications are that the
time for public hearings is coming within the next few weeks.